Inside the House: the key responsibilities of your representatives

The 1987 Constitution grants legislative power to the Congress of the Philippines, comprising the Senate and the House of Representatives. The House of Representatives has up to 250 members, including party-list representatives, who make up 20% of the total.

At Young Pilipinas, we aim to educate voters about the roles of elected officials. Let’s start with your local representatives—congressmen or congresswomen.

Who is a Member of the House of Representatives?

A Member of the House of Representatives is an elected official who meets specific qualifications outlined by law. These include:

Being a natural-born Filipino citizen.
Being at least 25 years old on election day.
Able to read and write.
A registered voter in the district they wish to represent (except for party-list representatives).
A resident of their district for at least one year before election day.

Representatives serve a term of three years, with a limit of three consecutive terms. Their term starts at noon on June 30 following their election.

Responsibilities Upon Assuming Office

Before taking their oaths, congressmen and congresswomen settle into their offices, typically located in designated wings of the House. They are provided with staff and consultants to assist in fulfilling their duties.

They familiarize themselves with House protocols, participate in crafting internal rules, and elect key officers such as the House Speaker, Deputy Speakers, and Majority and Minority leaders.

Additionally, each member receives committee assignments, either as heads or members. These committees are tasked with reviewing bills and addressing district-level concerns.

Primary Legislative Duty: Sponsoring and Passing Bills

The primary role of a congressman or congresswoman is to sponsor and ensure the passage of legislation.

A bill is a proposed law introduced by one or more members of Congress. It undergoes a rigorous process known as the "legislative mill," including three readings on separate days.
Exceptions to this process occur when the President certifies a bill as urgent.

Congress is also responsible for budgetary legislation, such as the General Appropriations Bill. Members must defend and refine the budget during committee and plenary sessions.

Certain bills, like those on appropriations, revenue, and local applications, must originate in the House, as mandated by Article VI, Section 23 of the Constitution.

Leading Committees and Conducting Hearings

Another critical duty is leading or participating in committee hearings. These hearings may:

Examine the implementation of laws.
Investigate issues in aid of legislation.
Address matters that require legislative action or policy formulation.

These activities highlight the importance of congressmen and congresswomen in uncovering truths, addressing controversies, and crafting meaningful laws.

Representing Their Districts

Representatives act as the voice of their constituents in Congress. They:

Attend sessions and participate in deliberations.
Visit their districts to address local concerns, implement programs, and provide assistance.
Serve as a bridge between their constituents and national government agencies.

Why This Matters

Understanding the duties of a congressman or congresswoman helps voters hold their leaders accountable. If your representative is absent or neglectful, remember that your vote can drive change. Public office is a public trust—leaders must serve their constituents with integrity and dedication.

Make your voice heard. Reach out to your representatives and engage with them. Let’s work together to build a government that truly serves the people.